Carton



B. HAYNES Oct. 16, 1951 CARTON ISSheets-Sheet l Filed March 25, 1950 lql- 76 & 3

INVENTOR GI BRYCE HAYNES @mi MMA/THEM {annun ATTORNEYS B. HAYNES Oct. 16, 1951 CARTON 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 25, 1950 ATTORNEYS B. HAYNES Oct. 16, 1951 CARTON 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 23, 1950 INVENTOR.

BRYCE H/AYN E s limpian? r l.. l l

ATTORNEYS- Patented Oct. 16, 1951 UNETED STATES PATENT OFFICE CARTON Bryce Haynes, Tuckahoe, N. Y., assgnor to Audio Devices, Inc., a corporationV of New York ApplicationMarch 23, 1950, Serial No. 151,454.

(Cl. 20G-52) 11 Claims. l

This invention relates to cartons and has for its object more particularly improvements in cartons for rolls of magnetic sound-recording and sound-reproducing tape.

It is customary to produce magnetic sound-recording and sound-reproducing tape in various lengths, which are distributed and used in roll form. The usual rolls, at the present time, contain the following number of feet: 1250, 2500 and 5000. For convenience in handling and in use the rolls of tape may be mounted on metal or plastic: reels; which are 7 l0" and 14 indianieter, respectively. The reels are formed ordinarily of a hub and two spaced side flanges as an integral non-separable unit. Small reels for small' rolls are relatively inexpensive, while large reels for largel rolls are quite expensive. When thelarger rolls, particularly, are used in quantity this creates a serious cost problem.

.Several expedients are followed to reduce the cost. One of them is to use reels with separable hubs and side flanges. A roll' of magneticv tape is mounted on a hub and when it is used' for sound,- recording or sound-reproducing purposes two side, flanges are attached to the hub; thus creating for the time being a separable reel functionally similar to the conventional non-separable reel. While a hub is required for each roll of tape,y a pair of side flanges is sufficient to operate successively any number of such hub-roll units. In. this way the cost of reels can be substantially reduced. Such reels are used on ma- 'chines designed for vertical placement of the reels; although they may be used also on machi-nesv designed for horizontal placement of the reels.

A second expedient is to attach only one flange tora hub-roll unit. Such an arrangement is useful for machines designed for horizontal placement of the roll of tape, with or without. a turntable.v

A thirdexpedient is to use a hub-roll unit without. any side flanges'. This may be done on machines provided with a horizontally disposed turntable,v or a flange adapted to receive such a hub-roll unit.

In further aid of these expedients,v the industry has set up certain standard specifications. The hubs are uniform in size and construction. This is also true of the various flange sizes, so that they are interchangeable soV far as the hubs are concerned. The same hub may be used to assemble any of the larger reels.

In order to facilitate the use of the hub-roll units,l with or Without the separable flanges, a

carton structurally appropriate for the purpose is highly desirable. It should serve the essential needs of all concerned: The manufacturer, the distributor, the recordist, the player-operator, the librarian, etc. And, the carton itself should be relatively inexpensive. The4 manufacturer and distributor need a carton that will readily and safely hold a hub-roll unit of the magnetic tape. Therecordist and player-operator need a carton that is useful in mounting the hub-roll on the turntable of a machine for magnetic sound recording or sound reproducing and then removing the hub-roll; that is` useful i-ny assembling a single flange reel and in mounting it on such a machine; and that is useful in assembling a two-flange reel. The librarian, of course, needs a carton useful for cataloging and storing the hub-roll unit.

All of them need a carton that vvilll make un- -necessary,or atleast reduce to a minimum, di-

rect handling of a hub-roll unit. Since the roll of tape is not protected with flanges, there isa good deal of risk involved in lifting or handling a hub-roll. The tape on the roll, more especially the last turns, sometimes relatively large top sections thereof, and sometimes the entire roll oi tape, are apt to slide off laterally. This occurs, for example, when a person picks up a hubroll unit from a flat surface. He usually inserts a fingernail from each hand under opposite sides of the roll to lift it and then inserts one or more fingers of each hand under the roll to lift the entire unit. The fingernails alone are apt to pull away a number of turns of tape. He then inserts his fingers still further under the roll to lift it, and often pulls up more turns of tape. If he should succeed in getting his fingers under the roll, a relatively large section may slide away. This is apt to occur particularly when the fingers are used in a sudden jerky manner.

Those who have had this happen, and they are numerous, know only too Well what dire results may take place. Time is lost in an effort to rewind the displaced turns of tape; they are seldom replaced evenly; the tape is damaged, thus impairing its sound-recording or sound-reproducing characteristics, etc. Such an occurrence is especially bad when a hub-roll is to be used for a radio broadcast in which timing is exceedingly important. It can wreck a program.

My investigations have led to the discovery that a carton can be readily produced which makes unnecessary human contact with the roll of tape. It is quite inexpensive and. is designed structurally so as to be highly useful to those required to handle hub-rolls of magnetic tape.

In accordance with the invention, the carton is formed of an inner removable member and an outer enclosing member for the inner member. The inner member is in turn formed of a pair of juxtaposable aps hinged to an intermediate end wall. The first nap is provided with a centrally disposed core-slot extending from its periphery. The second flap is provided with a centrally disposed and raised hub-core adapted to be juxtaposed to the inner end portion of the core-slot in the first flap, the hub-core extending from its flap toward the other flap in their normally juxtaposed position, the hub-core also being adapted to nt into the core-hole of the hub of a hub-roll unit of magnetic tape. The first iap is adapted to extend at least in part over the hub of the hubroll as mounted over the hub-core of the second flap. The two flaps are adapted t be moved toward each other to hold the hub-roll between them. The outer enclosing member is adapted to receive the inner member with the hub-roll mounted between the juxtaposed flaps.

The hub-core is integrally secured to its Iiap. While the hub-core may be pivotally mounted thereon, so that it can rotate, in a presently preferred practice the hub-core is solidly mounted on the ap so that it does not move relatively f thereto.

The hub-core preferably has an effective height less than the depth of the core-hole in the hub to provide free space beyond the free end of the hub-core for receiving the free end of a rotatable hub-core on a machine for magnetic sound recording or sound reproducing.

Another preferred feature is to provide the second nap with at least one hole, and preferably two or more equally spaced holes, adjacent the hub-core which are adapted for the insertion of one or more lingers to push or maneuver a hubroll unit mounted on the hub-core in placing it on the hub-core of a machine.

In order t0 facilitate placement of the inner member Ain the outer enclosing member, particularly when the bottom of the latter contains an insertable tab portion, it is advantageous for one flap to be shorter than the other so that the inner member as a whole may be fitted more readily in the outer enclosing member. In a presently preferred practice the nap with the core-slot is shorter than the flap with the hub-core.

These and other features of the invention will be better understood by referring to the accompanying drawings, taken in conjunction with the following description, in which:

Fig. l is a plan View of a carton illustrative of a practice of the invention, showing an opened inner removable member with a magnetic hubroll unit sound-recording and sound-reproducing tape mounted thereon;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1 Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the carton with a broken T away section, showing the inner member fitted into an outer enclosing member;

Fig. 5 is a plan View of a magnetic sound-recording and sound-reproducing machine, showing a hub-roll unit of tape mounted thereon;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 6 6 of Fig. 5, showing the manner in which the carton may be employed to place the hub-roll unit on the machine;

Fig. 7 is a plan view of the inner member tted 4 with and folded around a hub-roll unit provided with a single reel flange;

Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7, showing how the flap with a hub-slot may be operated to place the reel flange in position to be secured to the hub;

Fig. 9 is a similar view, with the carton rcversed, showing how the flap with a core may be operated to place a second reel flange in position to be secured to the hub;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view on the line lU-IO of Fig. 7, showing the placement of a screw-sleeve through the first reel flange into a hole in the hub and the holding position of the slotted flap with respect to the screw-sleeve;

Fig. 1l is a similar view, with the carton reversed, showing the placement of a screw through the second reel flange into the screw-sleeve; and

Fig. 12 is a section on the line |2-I2 of Fig. '7, showing the manner in which the reel flanges are aligned with the hub.

The carton as shown in Figs. l to 4 includes an inner removable member 2U and an outer enclosing member 22, The inner member is formed of a pair of juxtaposable flaps 24 and 26 hinged to an intermediate end wall 28 in parallel relationship to each other. The members may be made of any suitable material, such as conventional 2-ply inner corrugated paper board. While the boundaries 36 and 32 between the flaps and the end wall may be suitably scored to provide parallel straight-line hinges, a plurality of suitable perforations 34 is preferred because they assure an easy hinge action that permits a ap to be moved away from the other flap without springing back. This is particularly desirable when operating the naps in the manner to be described below.

Flap 24 is provided Vwith a centrally disposed generally U-shaped core-slot 36 extending from its free end toward the end wall. The sides of the core-slot are tapered and the corners of the flap are rounded as shown to facilitate placement of the slot around a core; or, stated in another way, to facilitate placement of the ap around a core; and also to facilitate insertion of the flap in the enclosing member. For the latter purpose the length of the ap is less than that of the other flap.

Flap 26 is provided with a fixed centrally disposed and raised hub-core 46 adapted to be juxtaposed under or over the deep end portion of core-slot 36 in the other flap. The hub-core is shown fitted into the core-hole 42 of a, hub 44 on which is wound a roll of magnetic sound-recording and sound-reproducing tape 46. The hub and roll form a unit which is conveniently referred to as a hub-roll 48. As more particularly shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the effective height of the hub-core is less than the depth of the corehole in the hub to provide a free recessed space 50 beyond the free end of the hub-core; or, to provide a similar free space between the hub and flap 26, depending on the position of the hub with respect to the hub-core. A pair'of oppositely placed holes 52 and 54 are provided in flap 26, adjacent to the hub-core and directly opposite the side of the hub and the roll of tape to facilitate placement of the hub-roll unit, as will also be described below. The corners of the flap are rounded, as in the case of the other iiap, to permit easy insertion in the outer member.

Hub 44 as noted above preferably conforms to standard specications. It may be made of aas/.rasa

f metal, plastic, or any .other suitable .materiall r(DneJ/vhich permits diecasting of thehub is pre- -ferred As shown in;Fig. 1, the hub is provided ".withthree equallyzspacedfholes Y58, 6D, 62 near its` louter periphery.

iromibothsi'destandare adapted :to be tted with faiscrew vand screw-sleeve f combination when `one vror two reel side .flanges r,are to :beattached to the :sidewalls of 'thehun LThe .hub is also provided `with `a pair of oppositely .placed combination slot- Ifholes 54 and v5.6 at Vits .outer periphery. These I'holes are adapted to :receivealigninglugsfon rthe reel sidezlanges to be .described below. The hub isalso ,provided with three .equally spaced slots 6'8 `at its linner periphery. slotsiare adapted tozreceiveholding .lugs on the outer periphery Yof fthe 4rotatablercore on a magnetic sound-recording or sound-reproducing.machine, asmore parlticularly shownin Fig. 5.

Outer enclosing member 22 is in the form oi -alrectangular, preferably square, box formed, for example, lof a single piece of-single-.ply cardboard. 'When made in one piece, the ends of the cardboard, for example, may overlap and be secured to one another to form a side wall, leaving an -open`top lll. `A pair of juxtaposed gripping slots '-1-2 is :provided along .the open .top to facilitate thelgripping of inner removable member when it iis pushed in or pulled out of enclosing member :212. The bottom 16 of the-enclosing member is .provided with Van inwardlyiextending .tab portion 18 adapted normally to keep the bottom closed. rIIhe length of laplZ' is approximately the depth of fthe-enclosingmember -so `that the free end of Athe ap may extend to the bottom of the closing member. End wall 28 then formsthe closed top :of thecombination,.asshown in Figs. 3.and 4. As stated-above, flap 2llis vshorter than flap 26. This `Tis'to permit the former :flap .to slide into the enclosing member without being vstopped by inwardly/extending'bottom .tab "5.8. .The'tab preferably provided with a centrally disposed foutoutfor recess i9, which may be arcuate, so that the y'gouter'en-closing member may accommodate a larger roll of tape 'i without the tab being brought .into contact with the tape 4on the roll; thus avoiding damage to the tape.

Figs. V5-12 may now be examined to note certain highly useful ways in which the cartonmay be employed in handling .hub-roll units. Going iirstto Fig. 5, hub-roll unit 48 is shown mounted over and arounda turntable hub-core 8l! lextermiing upwardly -frorn the top of a horizontally clisposed turntable 82 lintegrally secured tothe top of a, vertically disposed shaft 84 of ,a sound-recording and sound-reproducing machine 8B. The turntable hub-core .is yprovided vat its vperiphery with three equally spaced holding lugs 88 which fit into slots 68 of hub @A to hold the hubroll unit secured to the turntable hub-core.

Tape `Si) from-the hub-roll unit extends around guide 92, past magnetic head 94, around guide 96 and onto take-up hub 98, similar in construction tothe other hub (the hubs are interchangeable), which is ymounted over and around a turntable hub-core l0@ (similar inconstruction to the-other turntable hub-core) vextending upwardly from the top .of a horizontally disposed turntable ISZ integrally secured to the top of a, vertically disposed shaft IM of the machine. The tape is wound into a roll |06 on the hub to form another hub-roll unit H38. In -this arran ement both rolls lie atly `on `their respective turntables. The .machine may be operated Without the use oi` a reel,with one or two side flanges.

These holes are :.countersunk Sii) core rin -:the .'space.

6 56 may fnow be considered .to :determine ieffective manner :in which the carton may bezused;tomlace;.hubroll unit '456011 thesmachine, as "well as to remove it. First, of `;course,;inn'er ,member 2ll1tFig. 4) containingtheshub-rolliunit tisremoved as :Jazwhole from .outer enclosing unember 22, with flap 24 belowaandlfap above :2(Eig.

1i6): the inner :member :is .fplacedaover 'fturrit'able .82; and hub Miur" ltheJhub-roll unitiiisdrop'ped zover turntable hub core valli).

:turntable :hub-.core .Lis facilitated :by the use :of zap lhub-:core 24B, which, it :will `be lrecal1e`d,lhas

'to aprovidexre'cess'ed space .and vwhich space :can .besi'shifted or :divided .depending aon `the ipo'si- `tion .of '.the hub iwithrespect tto the filaps :hub-

core-T41). .Ars shown ':.in..Fig.c6, .that .spacelis adjacenttheiflap hub-.core as well'as turntable rhub- -core '80. This permits the .use .of 'the S'flap hub- `nere, (in #conjunction of course with fthe rclls shown, than =the depth of the rolls hub. The

voperatorxnay.also befaided by glancing through one orboth holes 52'1andreinzapmnndpif desirable, he can maneuver one or two ngers in thelholes to obtain proper alignment .of hub and core'and .nally to :push the hub downwardly around the fturntable hub-core, innermemberZ as la whole may be pulledaway from the J-tur-ntable. To this .end `ilap 26 is raised, as shown in dotted lines, about Vits hinge 32 kat end Wall `28 (or vhinge l30, `or both) to Aclear .its hub-core 40 from the rollfs hub, and the inner member is `then rpulled laterally, to ythe left as shown by lthe dotted llines in Fig. V6, away from the turntable.

The roll oft'ape may 'thenbe used-as `indicated in iFi'g. 5. Whether -or not the tape is rewound -on'itsforiginal'hub 44 -makes lno dilerence so far asthe-utilitylof the carton-isconcerned, although it is customary promptly to rewind the tape so that it is ready for sound reproduction. ISince the physical arrangement is the same Vat one turntable as the other, the lcarton may be used to vremove the -unwound or the rewound roll of tape. Assuming, ffor example, that the tape has been rewound, the operator need Aonly reverse the steps outlined above. Returning to Fig. 6, fand moving y'from `left to right, inner member Z iis/opened; -ap 24is pushed across the Vtop of the turntable, under vthe rewound hub-roll unit '48; Lhap 'hub-core vlli) is pushed downwardly toward 'turntable hub-core 80 until the former lis back in vcore-hole 542 -of the rolls hub 4e; flaps 24 and l26 are gripped, Vheld together, and the inner member as a whole is lifted clear of the turntable and inserted in its outer enclosing member `2 2.

The `complete carton with its hub-roll A-unit is then ready iffor the librarian'who should store `ition one of its vnarrow ends, preferably its nar- .roW bottom V'16, rather rthan on one of its broad sides. Since the roll of tape 'and its hub are then wholly supported by the ap hub-core, V.protruding side edges of the tape Vin the roll will not'bearheavilyagainst the flaps and hence will not be injured by bending or curling.

In the icase Vof ksome machines, Aas already noted, Ait may be necessary or desirable to luse hubs `with one or two reel side flanges. Figs. 7-12 illustrate how the carton may be used for` such purpose. With flap 26 below and flap 24 pulled up, as shown in Fig. 8 with flap 24 in dotted lines, hub-roll unit 48 is mounted over and around hub-core 40 on flap 26; and a reel side flange |20 is then placed on the hub-roll.

The side flanges, like the hubs, are made of metal, plastic, or other suitable material, and are standard in construction. Each flange has a. centrally disposed core-hole |22 through which flap hub-core 40 and turntable hub-core 00 (or may extend. In size the core-hole conforms generally to that of core-hole 42 in the rolls hub 44, not being smaller although it may be somewhat larger. In addition, each flange is provided with three equally spaced screw-sleeve holes |28, |30, |32, countersunk on one side and with a tapered annular insert shoulder on the other side, conforming to the three corresponding countersunk screw-sleeve holes 58, 60 and 62 in the hub; as Well as three equally spaced slots |38 conforming to the three corresponding slots 68 in the hub; each flange has a laterally extending aligning lug |40 adapted to fit in aligning hole 64 or 66 in the hub. The overall diameter of the side flanges depends, of course, on the size of the roll or the overall length of the tape.

When placing side flange on hub-roll unit 48, its aligning lug is inserted, for example, in aligning hole 66 of the hub; screw-sleeve-holes |28, |30 and |32 are placed over corresponding holes 58, 60 and 62 in hub 44; and the tapered annular insert shoulders of the former are inserted in the latter holes. An internally threaded hollow screw-sleeve |44 is then dropped into each of holes |28 and |30, after which flap 24 is folded down toward flap 26 onto the side flange.

As shown in Figs. '7 and 10, U-shaped slot 36 in flap 24 is so cut that a substantial portion of the flap extends over the screw-sleeves to help hold them in place. While the flap is shown as extending over a half portion of the two inserted screw-sleeves, it may extend to, but not over, the periphery of core-hole |22 in the side flange.

Inner member 20 is then carefully turned over so that flap 24 is at the bottom and flap 28 is at the top, to keep the hollow screw-sleeves in their holes, as shown in Fig. 1l. If a second side flange is not desired, an externally threaded countersunk screw |46 is dropped into each of hub holes 58 and 60 and are tightly screwed into their hollow screw-sleeves |44.

On the other hand, if a second side flange |50 is desired, it is placed on top of the reversed hub (Figs. 9 and 12); its aligning lug |40 is inserted in aligning hole 64 in the hub; a countersunk screw |46 is dropped into each of holes 58 and 60 in the hub and are tightly screwed into hollow screw-sleeves |44, as shown in Fig. 1l.

From what has been said on the use of the carton in handling hub-rolls of tape not mounted on reels, with one or two flanges, as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, it will be clear that the carton may be similarly used in handling hub-rolls of tape mounted on reels with one or two flanges. This is especially the case when using a machine with turntables and a hub-roll unit with a single side flange. Reels of tape with two side flanges may be handled in the conventional manner on such turntables; as they can also when the reels are to be mounted vertically.

After the hub-roll with a single or ltWo reel side flanges has been used and taken from the ma- 8 chine, with or without use of the carton, the steps outlined for placement of the flange or flanges need only be reversed to effect their removal from the hub-roll; after which the hub-roll and the inner member may be inserted as a whole into the outer enclosing member for storage.

In further illustration of the versatility of the carton, another method of using it for attaching one or two side flanges to the hub may be considered. Instead of dropping screw-sleeves |44 or screws |46 into flange holes |28, |30 and |32 and hub roles 58, 60 and 62 from the slot or flap 24 side of inner removable member 20 While the hub is mounted on core 40 of flap 26, when it is expedient as noted to drop only two screwsleeves or screws because the portion of flap 24 adjacent slot 36 can cover only that many, the inner member may be reversed in order to permit the dropping of three screw-sleeves or screws.

Thus, when the inner member is turned upside-down with slotted flap 24 undermost and unslotted flap 26 uppermost and is so placed on a support, unslotted flap 26 may be raised to expose the opposite side of the hub and hence its holes. When this is done core 40 is also raised out of core-hole 42 of the hub, thus leaving hub-roll unit 48 flatly supported on flap 24. Care is taken not to slide the hub-roll laterally from its position as previously fixed by core 40; although this is not serious because the hub-roll can be readily re-centered.

In any event, three screw-sleeves or screws are then dropped into their holes; flap 26 is brought back; its core 40 is re-inserted in core-hole 42 of the hub; the flaps are grasped and the inner member is turned up-side-down and placed on the support with unslotted flap 26 undermost; slotted flap 24 is raised to expose the holes on the reverseside; three corresponding screws or screwsleeves are inserted in the holes; and they are screwed tightly together. Since flap 26 is not slotted, it may be readily used to hold the initially placed three screw-sleeves or screws in place, thus facilitating the attachment of one or two reel side flanges to the hub; after which the inner member may be used as above indicated for maneuvering the hub-roll into and out of operating position on the sound-recording or sound-reproducing machine.

It will be clear to those skilled in this art that the carton above described is by way of illustrating a practice of the invention, and that the carton readily lends itself to some useful modifications.

I claim:

1. In a carton of the type and for the purpose described, the improvement comprising an inner removable member and an outer enclosing member for the inner member; the inner member being formed of a pair of juxtaposable flaps hinged to an intermediate end wall, the first flap being provided with a centrally disposed core-slot extending from its periphery, the second flap being provided with a centrally disposed and raised hub-core adapted to be juxtaposed to the inner end portion of the core-slot in the first flap, the hub-core extending from its flap toward the other flap in their normally juxtaposed position, the hub-core also being adapted to t into the core-hole of the hub of a hub-roll unit of magnetic tape, the first flap being adapted to extend at least in part over the hub of the hub-roll so mounted over the hub-core of the second flap, the two flaps being adapted to be moved toward 9 each other to hold the hub-roll between them, and the outer enclosing member being adapted to receive the inner member with the hub-roll mounted between the juxtaposed aps.

2. A carton according to claim 1, in which the hub-core is integrally secured to its flap.

3. A carton according to claim 1, in which the hub-core has an effective height less than the depth of the core-hole in the hub to provide free space beyond the free end of the hub-core for receiving the free end of a rotatable hub-core on a machine for magnetic sound recording or sound reproducing.

4. A carton according to claim 1, in which the hub-core is integrally secured to its flap, and the hub-core has an eiective height less than the depth of the shaft-opening in the hub to provide free space beyond the free end of the hub-core for receiving the free end of a rotatable hub-core on a machine for magntic sound recording or sound reproducing.

5. A carton according to claim 1, in which the flap with the hub-core is in turn provided with at least one hole adjacent thereto adapted for the insertion of a nger to push a hub-roll unit mounted on the hub-core.

6. A carton according to claim l, in which the hub-core has an effective height less than the depth of the core-hole in the hub to provide free space beyond the free end of the hub-core for receiving the free end of a rotatable hub-core on a machine for magnetic sound recording or sound reproducing, and the ap With the hub-core is in turn provided with at least one hole adjacent thereto adapted for the insertion of a finger to push a hub-roll unit mounted on the hub-core.

7. A carton according to claim 1, in which one ap is shorter than the other flap so that the innner member as a Whole may be tted more readily in the outer enclosing member.

8. A carton according to claim 1, in which the flap with the hub-slot is shorter than the other flap so that the inner member as a whole may be tted more readily in the outer enclosing member. v

9. A carton according to claim 1, in which the core-slot in the flap is suiciently small to permit the flap itself to extend over enough of the hub of the hub-roll when tted over the core of the other flap to cover at least in substantial part at least one screw hole contained in the hub so that a screw or screw-sleeve loosely placed therein may be held therein by the flap when the inner member is turned up-side-do-wn.

10. A carton according to the next preceding claim, in which the core-slot is sumciently small to permit the ap itself to cover a plurality of such holes contained in the hub.

11. A carton according to claim 1, in Which the outer enclosing member is provide With a hinged insertable tab, and the tab has a centrally disposed recess adapted to keep the tab out of contact With the hub-roll unit.

BRYCE HAYNES.

No references cited. 

